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EPA 608 Type 1 practice test

Small appliances: factory-sealed with 5 pounds of refrigerant or less, like refrigerators, window units and dehumidifiers.

75 questions, grouped by the topics on EPA's test outline. Answer one to see whether you were right, why, and where the rule comes from. Printable version with answers (save as PDF).

Set 1 of 3. 0 of 75 questions answered.

Recovery requirements

The small-appliance definition and the recovery levels required.

Question 1 of 40

Which description matches the federal definition of a "small appliance" under Section 608?

Question 2 of 40

Which of these is a small appliance under 40 CFR 82.152?

Question 3 of 40

A packaged terminal air heat pump (PTAC-style unit) is factory-sealed with 2.5 pounds of R-410A. What kind of appliance is it under the regulation?

Question 4 of 40

A refrigerated display case is assembled and charged on site with 4 pounds of refrigerant. Is it a small appliance?

Question 5 of 40

Which of these does the small-appliance definition in 40 CFR 82.152 name as an example?

Question 6 of 40

Using recovery equipment manufactured before November 15, 1993, what share of the refrigerant must a technician recover from a small appliance?

Question 7 of 40

A technician uses recovery equipment built in 2012 on a household refrigerator whose compressor runs. What share of the refrigerant must be recovered?

Question 8 of 40

A technician uses recovery equipment built in 2018 on a window air conditioner whose compressor has failed. What share of the refrigerant must be recovered?

Question 9 of 40

A technician's recovery unit was manufactured in 1991. The vending machine being serviced has a working compressor. What share of the refrigerant must be recovered?

Question 10 of 40

Instead of meeting a percentage, to what level may a technician evacuate a small appliance to satisfy the recovery requirement?

Question 11 of 40

Which statement about the 4-inch vacuum option for small appliances is correct?

Question 12 of 40

When do the small-appliance recovery levels in 40 CFR 82.156(b) apply?

Question 13 of 40

A technician will open the sealed system of a window air conditioner to replace its compressor. Which certification does this work require?

Question 14 of 40

A worker at a scrap yard recovers refrigerant from household freezers before they are crushed. What does the regulation require of this worker?

Question 15 of 40

Who is responsible for making sure refrigerant has been recovered from a household refrigerator before its final disposal?

Question 16 of 40

A scrap recycler accepts a window air conditioner with a signed statement saying the refrigerant was already recovered. What must that statement include?

Question 17 of 40

How long must the final processor of small appliances keep the signed statements or contracts it collects?

Question 18 of 40

A supplier delivers refrigerators to a scrap yard with stickers reading "Refrigerant removed." Is the sticker enough for the scrap yard to accept them?

Question 19 of 40

A scrap recycler often receives single loads of old freezers from individuals who drop them off once. Which form of verification fits these deliveries?

Question 20 of 40

A household refrigerator arrives at a landfill with no refrigerant left because it leaked out during years of use. What must the landfill obtain?

Question 21 of 40

A supplier tells a scrap yard he cut the lines on a freezer to let the refrigerant out, then offers to sign a "leaked out" statement. May the scrap yard accept it?

Question 22 of 40

A final processor must tell its suppliers that refrigerant has to be recovered before appliances are delivered. How may it give that notice?

Question 23 of 40

To be certified for small appliances, what must new recovery equipment show it can do on the test stand?

Question 24 of 40

A technician owns a recovery unit built in 1991 that was never tested by an equipment testing organization. May it be used on small appliances?

Question 25 of 40

Where can a technician find the date that shows whether a recovery unit was made before or after November 15, 1993?

Question 26 of 40

What must a small appliance charged with a non-exempt refrigerant, such as R-134a, have before it may be sold, so refrigerant can be removed at service and disposal?

Question 27 of 40

Under 40 CFR 82.154(a), which refrigerant in a household refrigerator is exempt from the venting prohibition?

Question 28 of 40

What is the passing score for a Type I certification test taken in the mail-in format?

Question 29 of 40

A technician takes the Type I test in person as a closed-book, proctored exam. What score is needed to pass?

Question 30 of 40

A technician passed a mail-in Type I test, then passed proctored Core, Type II and Type III tests. Can she combine them into Universal certification?

Question 31 of 40

A household refrigerator's nameplate lists a charge of 10 ounces. Using 2012 recovery equipment with the compressor running, how much must the technician recover at minimum?

Question 32 of 40

A chest freezer holds 1.5 pounds of refrigerant and its compressor will not run. Using recovery equipment made in 2016, how much must be recovered at minimum?

Question 33 of 40

Which test formats may a certifying program use when it offers only Type I certification?

Question 34 of 40

When Type I is taken as part of a Universal certification test, how must it be given?

Question 35 of 40

A program sends training material with its mail-in Type I tests. What does Appendix D bar that material from including?

Question 36 of 40

A technician services a 1.8-pound vending machine and also a 30-pound rooftop unit. Which certification covers both jobs?

Question 37 of 40

A commercial reach-in refrigerator is factory-sealed with 3 pounds of refrigerant. How is it classed?

Question 38 of 40

A factory-sealed appliance holds exactly 5.0 pounds of refrigerant. Is it a small appliance?

Question 39 of 40

What are the two options a final processor of small appliances has under 40 CFR 82.155(b)?

Question 40 of 40

A technician builds a homemade pump rig to recover refrigerant from refrigerators. Why can't it be used for the job?

40 questions in this set are still unanswered. You can move on without answering them.

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Recovery requirements

1. Which description matches the federal definition of a "small appliance" under Section 608?
  • Any appliance holding less than 15 pounds of refrigerant
  • Factory-built, charged and sealed with 5 pounds or lessCorrect answer
  • Any appliance holding 50 pounds or less of refrigerant
  • Any household unit that plugs into a standard 120-volt outlet

Why “Factory-built, charged and sealed with 5 pounds or less” is correct

Section 82.152 defines a small appliance as one that is fully manufactured, charged and hermetically sealed in a factory with five pounds or less of refrigerant. All three conditions matter: a unit charged in the field is not a small appliance even if its charge is small.

Source: 40 CFR 82.152

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Any appliance holding less than 15 pounds of refrigerant — Fifteen pounds is the limit for using system-dependent recovery equipment, not the small-appliance definition.
  • Any appliance holding 50 pounds or less of refrigerant — Fifty pounds is the Part 82 leak-repair threshold for ozone-depleting refrigerants, not the small-appliance cutoff.
  • Any household unit that plugs into a standard 120-volt outlet — The definition is based on how the unit is built and charged and how much refrigerant it holds, not on its power supply.

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2. Which of these is a small appliance under 40 CFR 82.152?
  • A split-system central air conditioner charged on site by the installer
  • A walk-in cooler with a remote condensing unit
  • A rooftop package unit holding 12 pounds of refrigerant
  • A dehumidifier sealed at the factory with 14 ounces of refrigerantCorrect answer

Why “A dehumidifier sealed at the factory with 14 ounces of refrigerant” is correct

Dehumidifiers are named in the small-appliance definition, and this one is factory-sealed with well under 5 pounds. Field-assembled systems and anything over 5 pounds fall outside the definition and are serviced under Type II or Type III rules.

Source: 40 CFR 82.152

Why the other answers are wrong

  • A split-system central air conditioner charged on site by the installer — A field-charged split system was not charged and sealed in a factory, so it is not a small appliance.
  • A walk-in cooler with a remote condensing unit — Walk-in coolers are piped and charged on site, so they fail the factory-sealed test.
  • A rooftop package unit holding 12 pounds of refrigerant — Twelve pounds is over the 5-pound limit for a small appliance.

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3. A packaged terminal air heat pump (PTAC-style unit) is factory-sealed with 2.5 pounds of R-410A. What kind of appliance is it under the regulation?
  • A high-pressure appliance that needs Type II certification
  • A low-pressure appliance, serviced under Type III
  • A small appliance, serviced under Type I certificationCorrect answer
  • An appliance exempt from Section 608 because it holds under 5 pounds

Why “A small appliance, serviced under Type I certification” is correct

The definition of small appliance in 82.152 lists room air conditioners, "including window air conditioners, portable air conditioners, and packaged terminal air heat pumps." A factory-sealed unit with 5 pounds or less is a small appliance whatever refrigerant it uses, and 82.161(a)(1)(i) requires Type I certification to service it.

Source: 40 CFR 82.152; 40 CFR 82.161(a)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • A high-pressure appliance that needs Type II certification — R-410A does make it a high-pressure appliance by refrigerant, but 82.161(a)(1)(ii) excludes small appliances from Type II; servicing it needs Type I.
  • A low-pressure appliance, serviced under Type III — Low-pressure appliances use refrigerants such as R-123 with a saturation pressure below 45 psia at 104 °F; R-410A is not one.
  • An appliance exempt from Section 608 because it holds under 5 pounds — Small appliances are not exempt; they have their own recovery levels and need a Type I technician.

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4. A refrigerated display case is assembled and charged on site with 4 pounds of refrigerant. Is it a small appliance?
  • Yes, because it holds less than 5 pounds
  • Yes, because it is used to store food
  • No, because it was not charged and sealed in a factoryCorrect answer
  • No, because display cases always count as low-pressure appliances

Why “No, because it was not charged and sealed in a factory” is correct

A small appliance must be fully manufactured, charged and hermetically sealed in a factory with 5 pounds or less. A case assembled and charged in the field fails the first part of that test even with a 4-pound charge.

Source: 40 CFR 82.152

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Yes, because it holds less than 5 pounds — Charge size alone is not enough; the appliance must also be fully manufactured, charged and hermetically sealed in a factory.
  • Yes, because it is used to store food — Food storage is not part of the test; how the unit was built and charged is.
  • No, because display cases always count as low-pressure appliances — Pressure class depends on the refrigerant, not on whether the equipment is a display case.

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5. Which of these does the small-appliance definition in 40 CFR 82.152 name as an example?
  • Drinking water coolersCorrect answer
  • Motor vehicle air conditioners
  • Centrifugal chillers
  • Supermarket rack refrigeration systems

Why “Drinking water coolers” is correct

The definition lists refrigerators and freezers, medical or industrial research refrigeration, room air conditioners, dehumidifiers, under-the-counter ice makers, vending machines and drinking water coolers. All are typically factory-sealed with a small charge.

Source: 40 CFR 82.152

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Motor vehicle air conditioners — MVACs are a separate category with their own rules under Subpart B, not small appliances.
  • Centrifugal chillers — Chillers are large, field-serviced systems far above the 5-pound limit.
  • Supermarket rack refrigeration systems — Rack systems are built and charged on site and hold far more than 5 pounds.

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6. Using recovery equipment manufactured before November 15, 1993, what share of the refrigerant must a technician recover from a small appliance?
  • 90 percent
  • 80 percentCorrect answer
  • 70 percent
  • 95 percent

Why “80 percent” is correct

Under 82.156(b)(1), older recovery equipment must recover 80 percent of the refrigerant in the small appliance. The compressor's condition does not change that figure for pre-1993 equipment.

Source: 40 CFR 82.156(b); EPA: Service Practice Requirements

Why the other answers are wrong

  • 90 percent — Ninety percent applies only to newer equipment when the appliance compressor is working.
  • 70 percent — Seventy percent is the passing score for closed-book tests, not a recovery level.
  • 95 percent — No small-appliance recovery level is set at 95 percent.

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7. A technician uses recovery equipment built in 2012 on a household refrigerator whose compressor runs. What share of the refrigerant must be recovered?
  • 80 percent
  • 90 percentCorrect answer
  • 100 percent
  • 85 percent

Why “90 percent” is correct

With equipment made on or after November 15, 1993, the level is 90 percent when the appliance compressor is functioning. A working compressor helps push refrigerant out, so EPA expects more of it to be recovered.

Source: 40 CFR 82.156(b); EPA: Service Practice Requirements

Why the other answers are wrong

  • 80 percent — Eighty percent applies to newer equipment only when the appliance compressor is not working.
  • 100 percent — The regulation does not require every last bit of refrigerant from a small appliance.
  • 85 percent — No small-appliance recovery level is set at 85 percent.

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8. A technician uses recovery equipment built in 2018 on a window air conditioner whose compressor has failed. What share of the refrigerant must be recovered?
  • 90 percent
  • 80 percentCorrect answer
  • 70 percent
  • 50 percent

Why “80 percent” is correct

For equipment made on or after November 15, 1993, the level drops to 80 percent when the appliance compressor is not functioning. Without a running compressor, refrigerant is harder to move out of the system.

Source: 40 CFR 82.156(b); EPA: Service Practice Requirements

Why the other answers are wrong

  • 90 percent — Ninety percent applies only when the appliance compressor is functioning.
  • 70 percent — Seventy percent is a test passing score, not a recovery level.
  • 50 percent — No small-appliance recovery level is set that low.

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9. A technician's recovery unit was manufactured in 1991. The vending machine being serviced has a working compressor. What share of the refrigerant must be recovered?
  • 90 percent
  • 95 percent
  • 80 percentCorrect answer
  • 70 percent

Why “80 percent” is correct

For recovery equipment manufactured before November 15, 1993, 82.156(b)(1) sets 80 percent regardless of the compressor. The 90 percent level for a working compressor applies only to newer equipment.

Source: 40 CFR 82.156(b)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • 90 percent — The 90 percent level applies only to equipment made on or after November 15, 1993.
  • 95 percent — No small-appliance recovery level is set at 95 percent.
  • 70 percent — Seventy percent is the closed-book passing score, not a recovery level.

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10. Instead of meeting a percentage, to what level may a technician evacuate a small appliance to satisfy the recovery requirement?
  • 4 inches of Hg vacuumCorrect answer
  • 10 inches of Hg vacuum
  • 25 mm Hg absolute
  • 0 psig

Why “4 inches of Hg vacuum” is correct

Section 82.156(b)(3) lets a technician meet the small-appliance requirement by evacuating the appliance to four inches of mercury vacuum. It is an alternative to the 80 or 90 percent figures.

Source: 40 CFR 82.156(b); EPA: Service Practice Requirements

Why the other answers are wrong

  • 10 inches of Hg vacuum — Ten inches applies to some larger high- and medium-pressure appliances in Table 1, not to small appliances.
  • 25 mm Hg absolute — That level is for low-pressure appliances.
  • 0 psig — Zero psig is the limit for leaking components, not the small-appliance evacuation option.

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11. Which statement about the 4-inch vacuum option for small appliances is correct?
  • It applies regardless of equipment age or compressor conditionCorrect answer
  • It may be used only with equipment made before November 15, 1993
  • It may be used only when the appliance compressor works
  • It may be used only at disposal, never during service

Why “It applies regardless of equipment age or compressor condition” is correct

Section 82.156(b) gives three alternatives joined by "or": 80 percent with old equipment, 90 or 80 percent with newer equipment depending on the compressor, or evacuation to four inches of mercury vacuum. The vacuum option is not tied to equipment age or compressor condition.

Source: 40 CFR 82.156(b)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • It may be used only with equipment made before November 15, 1993 — The rule lists the 4-inch option as a separate choice open to all certified recovery equipment, old or new.
  • It may be used only when the appliance compressor works — The compressor's condition matters for the percentage levels, not for the 4-inch option.
  • It may be used only at disposal, never during service — The small-appliance levels in 82.156(b) apply both before opening and at disposal.

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12. When do the small-appliance recovery levels in 40 CFR 82.156(b) apply?
  • Only when the appliance is being scrapped
  • Only when the compressor is being removed and replaced
  • Only when the charge is more than 2 pounds
  • Before opening the appliance and when disposing of itCorrect answer

Why “Before opening the appliance and when disposing of it” is correct

The rule reads: "Before opening a small appliance or when disposing of a small appliance, persons must recover refrigerant" to the listed levels. Service and disposal are both covered.

Source: 40 CFR 82.156(b)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Only when the appliance is being scrapped — The levels also apply before a technician opens a small appliance for service.
  • Only when the compressor is being removed and replaced — Any opening of the sealed system triggers the requirement, not just compressor jobs.
  • Only when the charge is more than 2 pounds — Every small appliance is covered, regardless of how small the charge is.

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13. A technician will open the sealed system of a window air conditioner to replace its compressor. Which certification does this work require?
  • Type II, because window units use high-pressure refrigerant
  • None, because the charge is under 5 pounds
  • Type I, or UniversalCorrect answer
  • Section 609 certification

Why “Type I, or Universal” is correct

Section 82.161(a)(1)(i) states that persons who maintain, service or repair small appliances must be certified as Type I technicians. A Universal technician holds Type I as part of that certification.

Source: 40 CFR 82.161(a); EPA: Certification Requirements

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Type II, because window units use high-pressure refrigerant — Type II covers appliances other than small appliances; a window unit is a small appliance.
  • None, because the charge is under 5 pounds — The 5-pound charge is what makes it a small appliance, and servicing a small appliance requires Type I; only disposal is exempt from certification.
  • Section 609 certification — Section 609 covers motor vehicle air conditioning, not room air conditioners.

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14. A worker at a scrap yard recovers refrigerant from household freezers before they are crushed. What does the regulation require of this worker?
  • Type I certification, because the work involves removing refrigerant from it
  • Universal certification, because disposal is involved
  • No certification, and any recovery equipment may be used
  • No certification, but the recovery equipment must meet EPA standardsCorrect answer

Why “No certification, but the recovery equipment must meet EPA standards” is correct

Section 82.161(a)(1)(vii) says persons who dispose of small appliances are not required to be certified. EPA's safe disposal page adds that the recovery equipment they use must meet the same performance standards as equipment used for servicing.

Source: 40 CFR 82.161(a); EPA: Safe Disposal Requirements

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Type I certification, because the work involves removing refrigerant from it — Persons who dispose of small appliances are not required to be certified.
  • Universal certification, because disposal is involved — No certification at all is required for disposing of small appliances.
  • No certification, and any recovery equipment may be used — Equipment used before disposal must meet the same performance standards as equipment used for servicing.

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15. Who is responsible for making sure refrigerant has been recovered from a household refrigerator before its final disposal?
  • The company that originally designed, built and sold the refrigerator
  • The local electric utility that ran a turn-in program
  • The EPA Regional Office for that state
  • The final processor, such as the scrap recycler or landfill operatorCorrect answer

Why “The final processor, such as the scrap recycler or landfill operator” is correct

Under 82.155(b), the final processor, the person who takes the final step in disposal, such as a scrap recycler or landfill operator, must either recover any remaining refrigerant or verify that it was recovered. Appliances like household refrigerators reach that point with their charge intact.

Source: 40 CFR 82.155(b); EPA: Safe Disposal Requirements

Why the other answers are wrong

  • The company that originally designed, built and sold the refrigerator — The manufacturer has no duty at disposal; the rule puts it on the final person in the disposal chain.
  • The local electric utility that ran a turn-in program — A utility may collect appliances but is not the party named in the rule unless it is the final processor.
  • The EPA Regional Office for that state — EPA enforces the rule but does not recover refrigerant or verify individual appliances.

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16. A scrap recycler accepts a window air conditioner with a signed statement saying the refrigerant was already recovered. What must that statement include?
  • The recovery machine serial number and the weight recovered
  • Who recovered the refrigerant, their address, and the dateCorrect answer
  • The recovering person's certification number and the refrigerant type
  • The appliance owner's name and the unit's model number

Why “Who recovered the refrigerant, their address, and the date” is correct

Section 82.155(b)(2) says a signed statement must include the name and address of the person who recovered the refrigerant and the date it was recovered. That lets EPA trace who did the recovery and when.

Source: 40 CFR 82.155(b); EPA: Safe Disposal Requirements

Why the other answers are wrong

  • The recovery machine serial number and the weight recovered — The rule does not require machine serial numbers or weights on the statement.
  • The recovering person's certification number and the refrigerant type — Disposal recovery does not require certification, so no certification number is called for.
  • The appliance owner's name and the unit's model number — Owner and model details are not the items the rule lists.

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17. How long must the final processor of small appliances keep the signed statements or contracts it collects?
  • Three yearsCorrect answer
  • One year
  • Five years
  • As long as the business operates

Why “Three years” is correct

Section 82.155(c) requires the final processor to keep copies of all signed statements or contracts on site, on paper or electronically, for three years. The records prove that refrigerant was handled properly before disposal.

Source: 40 CFR 82.155(c)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • One year — One year is too short; the rule sets three years.
  • Five years — Five years is longer than the rule requires.
  • As long as the business operates — The rule sets a fixed period of three years, not an open-ended one.

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18. A supplier delivers refrigerators to a scrap yard with stickers reading "Refrigerant removed." Is the sticker enough for the scrap yard to accept them?
  • Yes, if the sticker shows the date of recovery
  • Yes, if a certified technician applied and signed the sticker
  • No; it still needs a signed statement or a contractCorrect answer
  • Yes, because the appliances hold under 5 pounds

Why “No; it still needs a signed statement or a contract” is correct

EPA's safe disposal guidance states that it does not mandate or accept a sticker as verification. The final disposer must get a signed statement with the recoverer's name, address and date, or have a contract with the supplier.

Source: EPA: Safe Disposal Requirements; 40 CFR 82.155(b)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Yes, if the sticker shows the date of recovery — EPA does not accept a sticker of any kind as verification.
  • Yes, if a certified technician applied and signed the sticker — Who applied the sticker does not matter; EPA does not accept stickers.
  • Yes, because the appliances hold under 5 pounds — Small appliances are exactly the equipment the verification rule covers.

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19. A scrap recycler often receives single loads of old freezers from individuals who drop them off once. Which form of verification fits these deliveries?
  • A standing annual contract signed with each individual driver
  • A signed statement from the person dropping off each loadCorrect answer
  • A sticker on each freezer saying it was emptied
  • The driver's spoken assurance at the scale

Why “A signed statement from the person dropping off each load” is correct

The contract option is meant to streamline business with regular commercial suppliers, and EPA says it is not appropriate for infrequent suppliers such as individuals or peddlers. For them, the recycler collects a signed statement.

Source: EPA: Safe Disposal Requirements; 40 CFR 82.155(b)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • A standing annual contract signed with each individual driver — EPA says the contract option is for regular commercial suppliers, not infrequent suppliers such as individuals.
  • A sticker on each freezer saying it was emptied — EPA does not accept stickers as verification.
  • The driver's spoken assurance at the scale — Verification must be a signed statement or contract, not a verbal promise.

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20. A household refrigerator arrives at a landfill with no refrigerant left because it leaked out during years of use. What must the landfill obtain?
  • Nothing, since there is no refrigerant to recover
  • A nitrogen test charge proving the system holds no refrigerant at all
  • A report to EPA within 30 days of delivery
  • A signed statement that the refrigerant leaked out before deliveryCorrect answer

Why “A signed statement that the refrigerant leaked out before delivery” is correct

Under 82.155(b)(2)(iii), if all the refrigerant has leaked out, the final processor must get a signed statement saying so and that recovery is not possible. The statement is kept with the other disposal records.

Source: 40 CFR 82.155(b)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Nothing, since there is no refrigerant to recover — The rule still requires paperwork when all the refrigerant has leaked out.
  • A nitrogen test charge proving the system holds no refrigerant at all — No test charge is called for; the requirement is a signed statement.
  • A report to EPA within 30 days of delivery — There is no reporting deadline to EPA for this; the statement is kept on file.

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21. A supplier tells a scrap yard he cut the lines on a freezer to let the refrigerant out, then offers to sign a "leaked out" statement. May the scrap yard accept it?
  • Yes, as long as the statement is signed, dated and kept on file
  • Yes, because the freezer held less than 5 pounds
  • No; cutting lines is not leaking, so the statement is falseCorrect answer
  • Yes, if the refrigerant in the freezer was an HFC

Why “No; cutting lines is not leaking, so the statement is false” is correct

"Leaked out" covers system failures, accidents and other unavoidable events, not deliberate acts such as cutting refrigerant lines. Section 82.155(b)(2)(i) makes it a violation to accept a statement the receiver knew or had reason to know was false.

Source: 40 CFR 82.155(b)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Yes, as long as the statement is signed, dated and kept on file — A signature does not make a statement true, and the yard knows it is false.
  • Yes, because the freezer held less than 5 pounds — Charge size does not change the rule on false statements.
  • Yes, if the refrigerant in the freezer was an HFC — Non-exempt HFC substitutes are covered by the disposal rule too.

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22. A final processor must tell its suppliers that refrigerant has to be recovered before appliances are delivered. How may it give that notice?
  • Only by certified mail sent through EPA
  • Only by a yearly notice in a local newspaper
  • No notice is needed as long as signed statements are collected
  • With signs, letters to suppliers, or similar meansCorrect answer

Why “With signs, letters to suppliers, or similar means” is correct

Section 82.155(b)(2)(ii) requires the final processor to notify suppliers that refrigerant must be properly recovered before delivery. The notice may be signs, letters to suppliers or other equivalent means.

Source: 40 CFR 82.155(b)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Only by certified mail sent through EPA — EPA does not deliver these notices; the processor gives them directly.
  • Only by a yearly notice in a local newspaper — The rule names signs, letters and equivalent means, not a newspaper notice.
  • No notice is needed as long as signed statements are collected — Notification is a separate duty under 82.155(b)(2)(ii).

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23. To be certified for small appliances, what must new recovery equipment show it can do on the test stand?
  • Recover 80% with the stand's compressor running and 70% with it off
  • Recover 90% with the stand's compressor running and 80% with it offCorrect answer
  • Recover 100% of the charge in every test
  • Recover 95% with the compressor running and 90% with it off

Why “Recover 90% with the stand's compressor running and 80% with it off” is correct

Section 82.158(e) requires small-appliance equipment to be certified as able to recover 90 percent of the test-stand charge with the compressor operational and 80 percent without it. Those numbers match the field recovery levels for newer equipment.

Source: 40 CFR 82.158(e)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Recover 80% with the stand's compressor running and 70% with it off — Both figures are too low; the standard is 90 and 80 percent.
  • Recover 100% of the charge in every test — No certification standard requires complete recovery.
  • Recover 95% with the compressor running and 90% with it off — Both figures are higher than the standard in 82.158(e).

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24. A technician owns a recovery unit built in 1991 that was never tested by an equipment testing organization. May it be used on small appliances?
  • Yes, if it can recover 80 percent or reach a 4-inch vacuumCorrect answer
  • No, every recovery unit must carry a testing lab's certification
  • Yes, with no performance standard at all
  • Only for disposal work, never for service

Why “Yes, if it can recover 80 percent or reach a 4-inch vacuum” is correct

Under 82.158(e)(1), equipment made before November 15, 1993 is considered certified if it can recover 80 percent of the refrigerant, whether or not the test-stand compressor runs, or reach a four-inch vacuum on a calibrated gauge.

Source: 40 CFR 82.158(e)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • No, every recovery unit must carry a testing lab's certification — Pre-November 15, 1993 equipment is considered certified if it meets the performance level, without lab testing.
  • Yes, with no performance standard at all — Older equipment still has to be capable of 80 percent recovery or a 4-inch vacuum.
  • Only for disposal work, never for service — The rule does not limit grandfathered equipment to disposal.

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25. Where can a technician find the date that shows whether a recovery unit was made before or after November 15, 1993?
  • On the certification label, which shows the date of manufactureCorrect answer
  • On the nameplate of the appliance being serviced
  • On the technician's certification card
  • On the hydrostatic test date stamped into the recovery cylinder's collar

Why “On the certification label, which shows the date of manufacture” is correct

Section 82.158(h) requires certified recovery equipment to carry a durable label that shows the date of manufacture and the serial number. That date decides whether the pre- or post-1993 small-appliance level applies.

Source: 40 CFR 82.158(h); 40 CFR 82.156(b)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • On the nameplate of the appliance being serviced — The appliance nameplate tells you about the appliance, not the recovery equipment.
  • On the technician's certification card — The card shows the technician's certification, not equipment dates.
  • On the hydrostatic test date stamped into the recovery cylinder's collar — A cylinder's test date has nothing to do with when the recovery machine was made.

This question on its own page

26. What must a small appliance charged with a non-exempt refrigerant, such as R-134a, have before it may be sold, so refrigerant can be removed at service and disposal?
  • A process stubCorrect answer
  • Service valves on both the high and low sides
  • A king valve at the receiver outlet
  • A permanently attached pump-out unit

Why “A process stub” is correct

Section 82.154(e)(2) bars the sale of a small appliance unless it has a process stub to make refrigerant removal possible; only appliances holding just exempt refrigerants, such as R-600a in a household refrigerator, are excused. A process stub is a length of tubing that gives access to the refrigerant and can be resealed after service.

Source: 40 CFR 82.154(e); 40 CFR 82.152

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Service valves on both the high and low sides — Small appliances are hermetically sealed and are not required to have service valves.
  • A king valve at the receiver outlet — King valves are found on larger systems with receivers, not on small appliances.
  • A permanently attached pump-out unit — Pump-out units are a feature of some larger systems, not a small-appliance requirement.

This question on its own page

27. Under 40 CFR 82.154(a), which refrigerant in a household refrigerator is exempt from the venting prohibition?
  • R-134a
  • R-12
  • Isobutane (R-600a)Correct answer
  • R-22

Why “Isobutane (R-600a)” is correct

Section 82.154(a)(1) exempts isobutane (R-600a) in household refrigerators, freezers and combination units from the venting prohibition and the rest of Subpart F. R-12, R-22 and R-134a in the same appliance must be recovered.

Source: 40 CFR 82.154(a)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • R-134a — R-134a is a non-exempt HFC substitute, so venting it is prohibited.
  • R-12 — R-12 is a CFC; venting it has always been prohibited.
  • R-22 — R-22 is an HCFC and may not be vented.

This question on its own page

28. What is the passing score for a Type I certification test taken in the mail-in format?
  • 70 percent
  • 80 percent
  • 84 percentCorrect answer
  • 90 percent

Why “84 percent” is correct

Appendix D sets the passing score for mail-in Type I tests at 84 percent. The higher bar offsets the less controlled testing setting compared with a proctored, closed-book test.

Source: 40 CFR Part 82 Subpart F, Appendix D

Why the other answers are wrong

  • 70 percent — Seventy percent is the passing score for closed-book tests, not mail-in Type I.
  • 80 percent — Eighty percent is a recovery level, not the mail-in passing score.
  • 90 percent — Ninety percent is a recovery level, not a passing score.

This question on its own page

29. A technician takes the Type I test in person as a closed-book, proctored exam. What score is needed to pass?
  • 84 percent
  • 75 percent
  • 80 percent
  • 70 percentCorrect answer

Why “70 percent” is correct

Appendix D sets the passing score for the closed-book Type I, Type II, Type III and Universal tests at 70 percent. Only the mail-in Type I test uses the higher 84 percent mark.

Source: 40 CFR Part 82 Subpart F, Appendix D

Why the other answers are wrong

  • 84 percent — Eighty-four percent applies only to the mail-in format.
  • 75 percent — No Section 608 test uses 75 percent as its passing score.
  • 80 percent — Eighty percent is a recovery level, not the passing score.

This question on its own page

30. A technician passed a mail-in Type I test, then passed proctored Core, Type II and Type III tests. Can she combine them into Universal certification?
  • Yes, passing scores on separate tests always combine
  • Yes, if her mail-in score was 84 percent or higher
  • Yes, if she retakes the Core section only
  • No; Type I must be passed closed-book and proctoredCorrect answer

Why “No; Type I must be passed closed-book and proctored” is correct

Appendix D states that mail-in format Type I tests cannot be used toward a Universal certification. Universal requires closed-book, proctored testing, and the Type I portion taken as part of Universal is closed-book.

Source: 40 CFR Part 82 Subpart F, Appendix D

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Yes, passing scores on separate tests always combine — Separate tests combine only when each was taken in a form allowed for Universal.
  • Yes, if her mail-in score was 84 percent or higher — Even a passing mail-in score cannot be used toward Universal.
  • Yes, if she retakes the Core section only — The problem is the mail-in Type I, not the Core section.

This question on its own page

31. A household refrigerator's nameplate lists a charge of 10 ounces. Using 2012 recovery equipment with the compressor running, how much must the technician recover at minimum?
  • 8 ounces
  • 10 ounces
  • 9 ouncesCorrect answer
  • 7 ounces

Why “9 ounces” is correct

Newer equipment on an appliance with a working compressor must recover 90 percent of the charge, and 90 percent of 10 ounces is 9 ounces. Reaching 4 inches of Hg vacuum would also satisfy the rule.

Source: 40 CFR 82.156(b)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • 8 ounces — Eight ounces is 80 percent, the level for a non-working compressor or older equipment.
  • 10 ounces — The rule asks for 90 percent, not the full charge.
  • 7 ounces — Seven ounces is only 70 percent, below any small-appliance level.

This question on its own page

32. A chest freezer holds 1.5 pounds of refrigerant and its compressor will not run. Using recovery equipment made in 2016, how much must be recovered at minimum?
  • 1.35 pounds
  • 1.2 poundsCorrect answer
  • 1.5 pounds
  • 1.05 pounds

Why “1.2 pounds” is correct

With equipment made on or after November 15, 1993 and a compressor that is not functioning, the level is 80 percent, and 80 percent of 1.5 pounds is 1.2 pounds. The 4-inch vacuum option is also available.

Source: 40 CFR 82.156(b)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • 1.35 pounds — That is 90 percent, which applies only when the compressor is functioning.
  • 1.5 pounds — The rule does not require the full charge.
  • 1.05 pounds — That is only 70 percent, below the required level.

This question on its own page

33. Which test formats may a certifying program use when it offers only Type I certification?
  • An on-site test or a mail-in testCorrect answer
  • Only an online test with a webcam proctor
  • Only a closed-book test at a proctored site
  • Only a hands-on recovery demonstration

Why “An on-site test or a mail-in test” is correct

Appendix D lets organizations that provide Type I certification only choose either an on-site format or a mail-in format similar to the MVAC program. Type II, Type III and Universal must be closed-book and proctored.

Source: 40 CFR Part 82 Subpart F, Appendix D

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Only an online test with a webcam proctor — Appendix D describes on-site and mail-in options for Type I-only programs.
  • Only a closed-book test at a proctored site — Type I-only programs may also use a mail-in format.
  • Only a hands-on recovery demonstration — Certification is by written test; no hands-on exam is listed.

This question on its own page

34. When Type I is taken as part of a Universal certification test, how must it be given?
  • As an open-book mail-in test
  • As a closed-book exam under a proctorCorrect answer
  • As an open-book test at the testing site
  • As a take-home test checked by the employer

Why “As a closed-book exam under a proctor” is correct

Appendix D lists the test for Type I taken as part of a Universal certification as a closed-book exam, with proctors making sure no notes or training materials are used.

Source: 40 CFR Part 82 Subpart F, Appendix D

Why the other answers are wrong

  • As an open-book mail-in test — Mail-in Type I cannot count toward Universal.
  • As an open-book test at the testing site — Appendix D lists Type I taken as part of Universal as closed-book.
  • As a take-home test checked by the employer — Employers do not grade or administer certification tests.

This question on its own page

35. A program sends training material with its mail-in Type I tests. What does Appendix D bar that material from including?
  • Any discussion of recovery levels
  • Sample questions that mimic the test's languageCorrect answer
  • Pressure-temperature charts
  • The names and addresses of approved certifying programs

Why “Sample questions that mimic the test's language” is correct

Appendix D says training material accompanying mail-in Type I tests must not include sample test questions mimicking the language of the certification test, and all mail-in material is subject to EPA review.

Source: 40 CFR Part 82 Subpart F, Appendix D

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Any discussion of recovery levels — Training material may teach the rules; it just cannot mimic the test questions.
  • Pressure-temperature charts — Reference charts are not what the rule restricts.
  • The names and addresses of approved certifying programs — Naming programs is not restricted.

This question on its own page

36. A technician services a 1.8-pound vending machine and also a 30-pound rooftop unit. Which certification covers both jobs?
  • Type I alone, because both use high-pressure refrigerant
  • Type I plus Type II, or UniversalCorrect answer
  • Type II alone, because it covers all high-pressure equipment
  • Type III, because it covers all commercial equipment

Why “Type I plus Type II, or Universal” is correct

Type I covers small appliances, and Type II covers medium-, high- and very high-pressure appliances other than small appliances. A technician working on both needs both types, or Universal, which covers all appliances.

Source: 40 CFR 82.161(a)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Type I alone, because both use high-pressure refrigerant — Type I covers only small appliances; the 30-pound unit is outside that.
  • Type II alone, because it covers all high-pressure equipment — Type II covers appliances except small appliances, so it does not cover the vending machine.
  • Type III, because it covers all commercial equipment — Type III covers low-pressure appliances, not these units.

This question on its own page

37. A commercial reach-in refrigerator is factory-sealed with 3 pounds of refrigerant. How is it classed?
  • As a small applianceCorrect answer
  • As a Type II appliance, because it is commercial
  • As an exempt appliance, because it is under 5 pounds
  • As a low-pressure appliance, because it holds so little

Why “As a small appliance” is correct

The small-appliance definition covers refrigerators and freezers designed for home, commercial or consumer use, so long as they are factory-made, charged and sealed with 5 pounds or less. A 3-pound sealed reach-in qualifies.

Source: 40 CFR 82.152

Why the other answers are wrong

  • As a Type II appliance, because it is commercial — Commercial use does not move it out of the definition, which names refrigerators "designed for home, commercial, or consumer use"; Type II excludes small appliances.
  • As an exempt appliance, because it is under 5 pounds — Small appliances are covered, not exempt.
  • As a low-pressure appliance, because it holds so little — Pressure class depends on the refrigerant, not the charge size.

This question on its own page

38. A factory-sealed appliance holds exactly 5.0 pounds of refrigerant. Is it a small appliance?
  • No, because it must hold less than 5 pounds
  • Yes, because the limit is 5 pounds or lessCorrect answer
  • No, because it must hold less than 2 pounds
  • Only if it is a household refrigerator

Why “Yes, because the limit is 5 pounds or less” is correct

The definition in 82.152 reads "five (5) pounds or less of refrigerant." An appliance at exactly 5 pounds that was factory-made, charged and sealed is a small appliance.

Source: 40 CFR 82.152

Why the other answers are wrong

  • No, because it must hold less than 5 pounds — The definition says five pounds or less, so 5.0 pounds is included.
  • No, because it must hold less than 2 pounds — Two pounds is the container size in the small-can sales provision for MVAC refrigerant, not part of this definition.
  • Only if it is a household refrigerator — The definition lists many kinds of appliances, not just household units.

This question on its own page

39. What are the two options a final processor of small appliances has under 40 CFR 82.155(b)?
  • Vent the refrigerant, or ship it to the manufacturer
  • Recover any remaining refrigerant, or verify it was recoveredCorrect answer
  • Crush the appliance, or bury it whole with the charge still intact
  • Report it to EPA, or refuse the appliance

Why “Recover any remaining refrigerant, or verify it was recovered” is correct

The final processor must either recover any remaining refrigerant itself, following 82.155(a), or verify with a signed statement or contract that the refrigerant was recovered before delivery.

Source: 40 CFR 82.155(b); EPA: Safe Disposal Requirements

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Vent the refrigerant, or ship it to the manufacturer — Venting is prohibited, and shipping to the manufacturer is not an option in the rule.
  • Crush the appliance, or bury it whole with the charge still intact — Neither option removes the refrigerant, which is the point of the rule.
  • Report it to EPA, or refuse the appliance — The rule does not offer a reporting option in place of recovery or verification.

This question on its own page

40. A technician builds a homemade pump rig to recover refrigerant from refrigerators. Why can't it be used for the job?
  • Homemade rigs are allowed if they reach 90 percent
  • Homemade rigs are allowed on units under 2 pounds
  • Homemade rigs are allowed whenever the technician holds Universal
  • Recovery must use equipment certified under 40 CFR 82.158Correct answer

Why “Recovery must use equipment certified under 40 CFR 82.158” is correct

Section 82.156(b) requires recovery from small appliances using a recovery and/or recycling machine certified under 82.158. Only equipment made before November 15, 1993 can be treated as certified without lab testing, and only if it meets the performance level.

Source: 40 CFR 82.156(b); 40 CFR 82.158(e)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Homemade rigs are allowed if they reach 90 percent — Equipment made after November 15, 1993 must be certified by an approved testing organization.
  • Homemade rigs are allowed on units under 2 pounds — There is no charge size below which uncertified equipment may be used.
  • Homemade rigs are allowed whenever the technician holds Universal — Certification of the technician does not replace certification of the equipment.

This question on its own page

Recovery techniques

41. What is self-contained recovery equipment?
  • Equipment that relies on the appliance's own compressor to move the refrigerant
  • Equipment permanently built into the appliance as a pump-out unit
  • Equipment that may be used only on units made before 1993
  • Equipment that removes refrigerant without help from the appliance's componentsCorrect answer

Why “Equipment that removes refrigerant without help from the appliance's components” is correct

Section 82.152 defines self-contained recovery equipment as equipment capable of removing refrigerant from an appliance without the assistance of components contained in the appliance. It has its own compressor, so it is often called active recovery.

Source: 40 CFR 82.152; EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Equipment that relies on the appliance's own compressor to move the refrigerant — That describes system-dependent equipment.
  • Equipment permanently built into the appliance as a pump-out unit — A pump-out unit is a permanent attachment, not portable self-contained equipment.
  • Equipment that may be used only on units made before 1993 — Self-contained equipment is used on appliances of any age.

This question on its own page

42. A recovery method uses the appliance's own compressor or internal pressure to move refrigerant into a container. What is it called?
  • System-dependent, or passive, recoveryCorrect answer
  • Self-contained, or active, recovery
  • Reclamation to AHRI 700 purity standards
  • Recycling

Why “System-dependent, or passive, recovery” is correct

System-dependent recovery equipment requires the assistance of components in the appliance to remove refrigerant (82.152). EPA's test topics call it "passive" recovery, and it is common on small appliances.

Source: 40 CFR 82.152; EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Self-contained, or active, recovery — Self-contained equipment works without help from the appliance's components.
  • Reclamation to AHRI 700 purity standards — Reclamation is reprocessing used refrigerant to new-product specifications, not removing it from an appliance.
  • Recycling — Recycling is cleaning refrigerant for reuse, not the method of getting it out of the appliance.

This question on its own page

43. Why is a technician allowed to use system-dependent recovery equipment on small appliances?
  • System-dependent equipment is allowed on appliances of any charge size
  • Small appliances are exempt from recovery rules
  • The limit for system-dependent equipment is 50 pounds
  • Small appliances hold 5 pounds or less, under the 15-pound limitCorrect answer

Why “Small appliances hold 5 pounds or less, under the 15-pound limit” is correct

Section 82.156(e) says system-dependent equipment may not be used with appliances holding a full charge of more than 15 pounds, unless it is permanently attached as a pump-out unit. A small appliance can never exceed 5 pounds, so it is always under that limit.

Source: 40 CFR 82.156(e); 40 CFR 82.152

Why the other answers are wrong

  • System-dependent equipment is allowed on appliances of any charge size — Section 82.156(e) bars it on appliances with more than 15 pounds unless it is a permanent pump-out unit.
  • Small appliances are exempt from recovery rules — Small appliances have their own recovery levels in 82.156(b).
  • The limit for system-dependent equipment is 50 pounds — The limit is 15 pounds, not 50.

This question on its own page

44. A technician connects a system-dependent recovery device to a refrigerator whose compressor still works. What should be done with the compressor?
  • Run it, so it pushes refrigerant into the containerCorrect answer
  • Leave it off to avoid damaging it
  • Unplug it and heat the shell instead
  • Disconnect its wiring so it cannot cycle on during recovery

Why “Run it, so it pushes refrigerant into the container” is correct

EPA's test topics list the need to operate an operative compressor when recovering with a system-dependent device. The passive device has no pump of its own, so the appliance compressor does the work and helps reach the 90 percent level.

Source: EPA: Test Topics; 40 CFR 82.156(b)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Leave it off to avoid damaging it — With a passive device, the running compressor is what moves most of the refrigerant out.
  • Unplug it and heat the shell instead — Heating and striking the compressor are aids for a compressor that will not run.
  • Disconnect its wiring so it cannot cycle on during recovery — Disabling a working compressor throws away the help a passive device depends on.

This question on its own page

45. A refrigerator's compressor will not run, and the technician is recovering with a passive device. Where should access valves be installed?
  • On the low side only
  • On both the high side and the low sideCorrect answer
  • On the high side only
  • Through a hole drilled in the compressor shell

Why “On both the high side and the low side” is correct

EPA's test topics stress installing both high- and low-side access valves when the compressor is inoperative. Without a running compressor to move it, refrigerant must be drawn from both sides of the system.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • On the low side only — With the compressor stopped, refrigerant on the high side may stay trapped.
  • On the high side only — Refrigerant on the low side may stay trapped if only the high side is tapped.
  • Through a hole drilled in the compressor shell — Access is made on the tubing, typically the process stub and a high-side line, not through the shell.

This question on its own page

46. Why does recovering from only one side work poorly on a small appliance with a dead compressor?
  • The regulation requires two gauge readings for the records
  • Two valves let air in to push the refrigerant out
  • Refrigerant stays trapped on the side not tappedCorrect answer
  • Two valves double the vacuum the device can reach

Why “Refrigerant stays trapped on the side not tapped” is correct

A capillary tube is a tight restriction, and a stopped compressor does not pass refrigerant freely. With access on one side only, refrigerant on the other side leaves slowly or not at all, so both sides are tapped.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • The regulation requires two gauge readings for the records — No record of two readings is required; the reason is how refrigerant moves.
  • Two valves let air in to push the refrigerant out — Letting air in would contaminate the refrigerant and is never the goal.
  • Two valves double the vacuum the device can reach — The number of valves does not change the vacuum a device can pull.

This question on its own page

47. A freezer's compressor is dead, and the technician is using a passive recovery device. What helps release refrigerant held in the compressor oil?
  • Packing the compressor in ice
  • Adding nitrogen to the low side
  • Opening an access valve to the air for a moment
  • Warming the compressor and striking it sharplyCorrect answer

Why “Warming the compressor and striking it sharply” is correct

EPA's test topics list heating and sharply striking the compressor as ways to recover from a small appliance with an inoperative compressor. Refrigerant dissolved in the oil boils off more readily when warmed and agitated.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Packing the compressor in ice — Cooling the oil holds more refrigerant in it, not less.
  • Adding nitrogen to the low side — Nitrogen would mix into the recovered refrigerant and is not one of the listed methods.
  • Opening an access valve to the air for a moment — That would vent refrigerant and let air into the system.

This question on its own page

48. Which passive recovery setup do EPA's test topics list for small appliances with inoperative compressors?
  • A vacuum pump with a non-pressurized recovery containerCorrect answer
  • A vacuum pump that pushes refrigerant into a pressurized cylinder
  • A vacuum pump with its exhaust open to the room
  • A nitrogen bottle used to blow refrigerant out

Why “A vacuum pump with a non-pressurized recovery container” is correct

Among the methods for small appliances with inoperative compressors, the test topics name using a vacuum pump with a non-pressurized recovery container. EPA groups it with the system-dependent, or passive, methods used when the appliance's own compressor cannot run.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • A vacuum pump that pushes refrigerant into a pressurized cylinder — The listed method uses a non-pressurized container.
  • A vacuum pump with its exhaust open to the room — Exhausting refrigerant to the room is venting, which is illegal.
  • A nitrogen bottle used to blow refrigerant out — Pushing refrigerant out with nitrogen is not a listed recovery method.

This question on its own page

49. A technician used a solderless piercing access valve on a window air conditioner. What should be done with it when the job is finished?
  • Remove it, because these fittings tend to leak over timeCorrect answer
  • Leave it so the next technician can use it
  • Leave it, as long as its cap is tight
  • Remove only the valve core and leave the clamp body in place

Why “Remove it, because these fittings tend to leak over time” is correct

EPA's test topics say technicians should remove solderless access fittings at the conclusion of service. They are a quick way into a sealed system, but they are not a permanent seal and can leak later.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Leave it so the next technician can use it — Leaving it in place risks a slow leak; EPA's test topics say to remove it.
  • Leave it, as long as its cap is tight — A tight cap does not stop the fitting itself from leaking over time.
  • Remove only the valve core and leave the clamp body in place — The whole solderless fitting should come off at the end of service.

This question on its own page

50. Most small appliances have no service valves. What kind of fitting is often clamped onto the tubing to gain access without brazing?
  • A king valve
  • A spring-loaded pressure relief valve
  • A solderless piercing access valveCorrect answer
  • A thermostatic expansion valve

Why “A solderless piercing access valve” is correct

Small appliances are hermetically sealed and usually have only a process stub. A piercing access valve clamps onto the tubing and gives access without brazing, but it should be removed at the end of service.

Source: EPA: Test Topics; 40 CFR 82.152

Why the other answers are wrong

  • A king valve — King valves are on the receivers of larger systems.
  • A spring-loaded pressure relief valve — A relief valve protects against overpressure; it is not an access fitting.
  • A thermostatic expansion valve — A TXV meters refrigerant; it is not used to gain service access.

This question on its own page

51. The nameplate on a used refrigerator is unreadable. How can the technician get an indication of which refrigerant it holds?
  • Check the color of the compressor oil
  • Smell a small release of the refrigerant
  • Measure the compressor's running amperage with a clamp-on meter
  • Compare its standing pressure and temperature to a P/T chartCorrect answer

Why “Compare its standing pressure and temperature to a P/T chart” is correct

EPA's test topics include using pressure and temperature to identify refrigerants. With the appliance off and the refrigerant at a known temperature, its pressure should match the saturation pressure for that refrigerant on a pressure-temperature chart.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Check the color of the compressor oil — Oil color shows condition, not which refrigerant is in the system.
  • Smell a small release of the refrigerant — Releasing refrigerant is venting, and smell does not identify it.
  • Measure the compressor's running amperage with a clamp-on meter — Amp draw reflects load, not the type of refrigerant.

This question on its own page

52. A recovery cylinder of R-134a has sat at 75 °F for several hours. Its pressure is well above the chart pressure for R-134a at 75 °F. What does this most likely mean?
  • The cylinder is nearly empty of liquid refrigerant
  • The refrigerant is subcooled
  • The gauge is reading in inches of vacuum
  • Noncondensables such as air are in the cylinderCorrect answer

Why “Noncondensables such as air are in the cylinder” is correct

A pure refrigerant with liquid present sits at its saturation pressure for its temperature. Air and other noncondensables add their own pressure, so a reading well above the chart value points to contamination.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • The cylinder is nearly empty of liquid refrigerant — A cylinder with little liquid reads at or below saturation pressure, not above it.
  • The refrigerant is subcooled — Subcooled liquid would not raise the pressure above the saturation value.
  • The gauge is reading in inches of vacuum — A vacuum reading would be below atmospheric, not above the chart value.

This question on its own page

53. Before using pressure and temperature to check the refrigerant in a freezer, what condition should the technician make sure of?
  • The compressor is running at full load
  • The system has been charged with nitrogen
  • It has been off long enough to reach room temperatureCorrect answer
  • The system has been evacuated to 4 inches of Hg vacuum

Why “It has been off long enough to reach room temperature” is correct

A P/T chart gives saturation pressure at a given temperature. The comparison works only when the refrigerant has settled to a stable temperature that the technician can measure, such as room temperature after the unit has been off.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • The compressor is running at full load — A running system has very different pressures on each side, so readings won't match a chart.
  • The system has been charged with nitrogen — Nitrogen would make the pressure reading meaningless for identification.
  • The system has been evacuated to 4 inches of Hg vacuum — An evacuated system has no refrigerant left to check.

This question on its own page

54. Which refrigerant became the usual substitute for R-12 in household refrigerators?
  • R-22
  • R-11
  • R-134aCorrect answer
  • R-123

Why “R-134a” is correct

EPA's Type I test topics name HFC-134a (R-134a) as the likely substitute for CFC-12 (R-12). R-134a contains no chlorine, so it does not deplete ozone.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • R-22 — R-22 is an HCFC used mainly in air conditioning; it did not become the usual R-12 replacement in refrigerators.
  • R-11 — R-11 is a low-pressure CFC used in chillers.
  • R-123 — R-123 is a low-pressure HCFC used in chillers.

This question on its own page

55. Why should a technician confirm which refrigerant is in a small appliance before recovering it?
  • To decide whether the unit counts as a small appliance
  • To set the appliance thermostat correctly
  • To choose between 80 and 90 percent recovery
  • To keep different refrigerants out of the same containerCorrect answer

Why “To keep different refrigerants out of the same container” is correct

Mixed refrigerants are hard or impossible to reclaim. Using pressure and temperature, plus the nameplate, to identify the refrigerant first lets the technician keep each type in its own recovery container.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • To decide whether the unit counts as a small appliance — The small-appliance definition depends on factory sealing and a charge of 5 pounds or less, not on which refrigerant is inside.
  • To set the appliance thermostat correctly — The thermostat has nothing to do with recovery.
  • To choose between 80 and 90 percent recovery — The level depends on equipment age and compressor condition, not the refrigerant.

This question on its own page

56. What do the regulation and EPA guidance say a technician must do to be sure the right amount of refrigerant is recovered?
  • Run the recovery unit for at least one hour
  • Use the equipment as its manufacturer directsCorrect answer
  • Recover until frost forms on the suction line
  • Ask the appliance owner to confirm the charge

Why “Use the equipment as its manufacturer directs” is correct

Section 82.156(g) requires all recovery equipment to be used in accordance with the manufacturer's directions, and EPA's service practice page says this ensures the correct level is recovered. Small-appliance equipment is certified under 82.158(e) based on use under those instructions.

Source: 40 CFR 82.156(g); EPA: Service Practice Requirements; 40 CFR 82.158(e)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Run the recovery unit for at least one hour — There is no fixed run time; equipment is used as its manufacturer directs.
  • Recover until frost forms on the suction line — Frost is not the measure of proper recovery.
  • Ask the appliance owner to confirm the charge — The owner's word does not show that recovery is complete.

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57. After installing a piercing access valve on a refrigerator's process stub, what should the technician check before starting a vacuum-assisted recovery?
  • That the appliance has been charged with extra refrigerant
  • That the thermostat is set to its coldest setting
  • That the valve seals tightly, so no air is drawn inCorrect answer
  • That the process stub has been cut open

Why “That the valve seals tightly, so no air is drawn in” is correct

A loose piercing valve can leak refrigerant out or, under vacuum, pull air in. Air in the recovered refrigerant is a noncondensable contaminant, so the fitting should be sealed and leak-free before recovery starts.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • That the appliance has been charged with extra refrigerant — Adding refrigerant before recovery makes no sense.
  • That the thermostat is set to its coldest setting — The thermostat setting does not affect the seal of the fitting.
  • That the process stub has been cut open — Cutting the stub would release refrigerant; the piercing valve makes the opening.

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58. What is a process stub, as defined in 40 CFR 82.152?
  • A valve that lets refrigerant flow in only one direction through a line
  • A fitting that releases pressure when it gets too high
  • Tubing that gives access to the refrigerant and can be resealedCorrect answer
  • A short pipe that drains oil from the compressor

Why “Tubing that gives access to the refrigerant and can be resealed” is correct

The regulation defines a process stub as a length of tubing that provides access to the refrigerant inside a small appliance or room air conditioner and that can be resealed at the conclusion of repair or service.

Source: 40 CFR 82.152

Why the other answers are wrong

  • A valve that lets refrigerant flow in only one direction through a line — That is a check valve.
  • A fitting that releases pressure when it gets too high — That is a pressure relief device.
  • A short pipe that drains oil from the compressor — A process stub provides refrigerant access, not an oil drain.

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59. A dehumidifier labeled R-410A has been off for hours at 70 °F. Its pressure reads well above the chart value for R-410A at 70 °F. What is the likely explanation?
  • It holds air or a different refrigerant than labeledCorrect answer
  • It is undercharged and has lost most of its refrigerant
  • Its compressor has failed
  • Its capillary tube is restricted

Why “It holds air or a different refrigerant than labeled” is correct

At rest, a system with liquid refrigerant should sit at the saturation pressure for its temperature. A pressure well above the chart value means something else is adding pressure: air or other noncondensables, or a refrigerant other than the one labeled.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • It is undercharged and has lost most of its refrigerant — An undercharged system reads at or below the chart pressure, not above it.
  • Its compressor has failed — With the unit off and settled, a dead compressor does not raise the standing pressure.
  • Its capillary tube is restricted — Once the unit has been off for hours, pressure equalizes through the restriction.

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60. Before choosing how to recover with a passive device, what should a technician find out first about a small appliance?
  • Whether its compressor runsCorrect answer
  • How old the appliance's door seals are
  • The brand of the recovery cylinder
  • Whether the condenser coil is clean

Why “Whether its compressor runs” is correct

A working compressor can be run to push refrigerant out, and with newer equipment the target is 90 percent. A dead compressor calls for access on both sides, heating and striking the compressor, and an 80 percent target.

Source: EPA: Test Topics; 40 CFR 82.156(b)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • How old the appliance's door seals are — Door seals do not affect refrigerant recovery.
  • The brand of the recovery cylinder — The cylinder brand does not change the method.
  • Whether the condenser coil is clean — A dirty coil does not decide the recovery approach.

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61. A refrigerator labeled R-134a has been off for hours at 72 °F. Its standing pressure is well below the chart value for R-134a at that temperature. What is a likely reason?
  • It contains air or other noncondensable gases from a leak
  • So little refrigerant is left that no liquid remainsCorrect answer
  • It is overcharged with R-134a
  • Its compressor is running backward

Why “So little refrigerant is left that no liquid remains” is correct

A P/T chart applies only when liquid and vapor are both present. If most of the charge has leaked out, the remaining vapor sits below the saturation pressure for that temperature, so the reading cannot confirm the refrigerant.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • It contains air or other noncondensable gases from a leak — Noncondensables push the pressure above the chart value, not below it.
  • It is overcharged with R-134a — Extra refrigerant does not lower the standing pressure below saturation.
  • Its compressor is running backward — The unit is off, so the compressor is not affecting the reading.

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62. A household refrigerator was built in 1988. Which refrigerant is it most likely to hold?
  • R-12Correct answer
  • R-134a
  • R-123
  • R-410A

Why “R-12” is correct

EPA's test topics describe R-134a as the likely substitute for R-12, the CFC long used in household refrigerators. A refrigerator from the 1980s most likely holds R-12, which must be recovered, never vented.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • R-134a — R-134a became the usual substitute for R-12 later, as CFCs were phased out.
  • R-123 — R-123 is a low-pressure refrigerant used in chillers.
  • R-410A — R-410A is a high-pressure blend used mainly in air conditioning.

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Safety

63. When R-12 vapor is drawn into an open flame, what can it break down into?
  • Phosgene, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acidCorrect answer
  • Only harmless carbon dioxide and plain water vapor
  • Pure chlorine gas and ozone
  • Harmless nitrogen and oxygen

Why “Phosgene, hydrochloric acid and hydrofluoric acid” is correct

At high temperatures, CFCs and HCFCs decompose into toxic and corrosive products, including hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid and phosgene gas. That is why refrigerant must be kept away from flames and red-hot surfaces.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Only harmless carbon dioxide and plain water vapor — That is what hydrocarbons produce when they burn; R-12 contains chlorine and fluorine.
  • Pure chlorine gas and ozone — Flame decomposition does not produce ozone, and the main concern is acids and phosgene.
  • Harmless nitrogen and oxygen — R-12 contains no nitrogen, and its breakdown products are toxic.

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64. Which highly toxic gas can form when R-22 contacts a torch flame?
  • Ammonia
  • Hydrogen sulfide
  • Nitrous oxide
  • PhosgeneCorrect answer

Why “Phosgene” is correct

R-22 contains chlorine, and at flame temperatures chlorine-containing refrigerants can form phosgene, a highly toxic gas. Hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids form as well.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Ammonia — Ammonia is a refrigerant in its own right and is not formed from R-22.
  • Hydrogen sulfide — R-22 contains no sulfur, so it cannot form hydrogen sulfide.
  • Nitrous oxide — R-22 contains no nitrogen, so it cannot form nitrous oxide.

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65. Under which condition is a refrigerant most likely to break down into toxic products?
  • When it sits in a sealed cylinder at normal room temperature
  • When its vapor contacts an open flame or a red-hot surfaceCorrect answer
  • When it flows through the capillary tube
  • When it mixes with compressor oil

Why “When its vapor contacts an open flame or a red-hot surface” is correct

EPA's test topics list decomposition products of refrigerants at high temperatures. Refrigerants are stable in normal use, but a flame, a glowing heater element or other very hot surface can break them apart.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • When it sits in a sealed cylinder at normal room temperature — Refrigerants are stable at normal storage temperatures.
  • When it flows through the capillary tube — Normal flow through a metering device does not decompose refrigerant.
  • When it mixes with compressor oil — Refrigerant normally mixes with oil in every system without breaking down.

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66. Why must refrigerant be recovered from a refrigerator before brazing on its sealed system?
  • Refrigerant makes the brazing alloy flow too fast
  • Recovery is needed only for charges over 5 pounds
  • Refrigerant vapor would put out the torch flame
  • Torch heat can turn refrigerant into toxic gasesCorrect answer

Why “Torch heat can turn refrigerant into toxic gases” is correct

Brazing heat on tubing that still holds refrigerant can decompose it into acids and, for chlorine-containing refrigerants, phosgene. Recovery is also required by 82.156(b) before the system is opened.

Source: EPA: Test Topics; 40 CFR 82.156(b)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Refrigerant makes the brazing alloy flow too fast — The concern is toxic decomposition, not how the alloy flows.
  • Recovery is needed only for charges over 5 pounds — Small appliances must be recovered too before they are opened.
  • Refrigerant vapor would put out the torch flame — The danger is decomposition, not losing the flame.

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67. While brazing near a refrigerator's tubing, a technician notices a sharp, acrid smell. What should be done?
  • Shut off the torch, ventilate the area and move to fresh airCorrect answer
  • Keep working, since the smell is only flux
  • Add refrigerant to dilute the fumes
  • Close the windows and doors to keep the fumes from spreading

Why “Shut off the torch, ventilate the area and move to fresh air” is correct

A sharp, irritating odor near a torch can be a sign that refrigerant is decomposing into acids or phosgene. The safe response is to remove the heat source, ventilate and get out of the fumes.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Keep working, since the smell is only flux — An acrid smell near refrigerant can mean toxic decomposition, so work should stop.
  • Add refrigerant to dilute the fumes — More refrigerant near a flame would make more decomposition products.
  • Close the windows and doors to keep the fumes from spreading — Closing up the room traps the toxic gases with the technician.

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68. During passive recovery, a technician wants to warm a dead compressor. Which heat source is the safer choice?
  • An oxy-acetylene torch on the shell
  • A heat gun or heat lamp rather than an open flameCorrect answer
  • A propane torch held on the compressor discharge line
  • A heated brick placed inside the cabinet

Why “A heat gun or heat lamp rather than an open flame” is correct

Warming the compressor helps drive refrigerant out of the oil, but an open flame can decompose refrigerant at a leak and overheat the shell. A heat gun or heat lamp gives gentler, controlled heat.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • An oxy-acetylene torch on the shell — An open flame risks decomposing any leaking refrigerant and overheating the shell.
  • A propane torch held on the compressor discharge line — Any open flame near refrigerant can create toxic decomposition products.
  • A heated brick placed inside the cabinet — This is not a controlled way to warm the compressor and is a fire risk.

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69. A household refrigerator's label says it uses R-600a. What extra precaution applies?
  • Wear a respirator, because it is toxic like ammonia
  • Use high-pressure hoses, because it runs above 400 psig
  • None, because it behaves the same as R-134a
  • Keep sparks and flames away, since it is flammableCorrect answer

Why “Keep sparks and flames away, since it is flammable” is correct

R-600a is isobutane, a hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbons burn, so a technician working on such a unit must keep ignition sources away and work with good ventilation.

Source: EPA: Test Topics; 40 CFR 82.154(a)

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Wear a respirator, because it is toxic like ammonia — Isobutane's main hazard is flammability, not toxicity like ammonia.
  • Use high-pressure hoses, because it runs above 400 psig — Isobutane is not a very high-pressure refrigerant.
  • None, because it behaves the same as R-134a — R-134a is not flammable; R-600a is.

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70. What is R-290?
  • A nonflammable HFC blend
  • A CFC used in many older household refrigerators
  • Propane, a flammable hydrocarbon refrigerantCorrect answer
  • An inert gas like nitrogen

Why “Propane, a flammable hydrocarbon refrigerant” is correct

R-290 is propane. The regulation lists it as an exempt substitute in several small-appliance end-uses, including household refrigerators and room air conditioners, but it is flammable and must be handled with ignition sources kept away.

Source: 40 CFR 82.154(a); EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • A nonflammable HFC blend — R-290 is a single hydrocarbon, not an HFC blend.
  • A CFC used in many older household refrigerators — R-290 contains no chlorine or fluorine; it is not a CFC.
  • An inert gas like nitrogen — Propane is highly flammable, not inert.

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71. What do the acids formed by refrigerant decomposition do to a person exposed to them?
  • They have no effect at normal concentrations
  • They only cause drowsiness, like an anesthetic
  • Irritate and burn the eyes, skin and lungsCorrect answer
  • They only affect the hearing

Why “Irritate and burn the eyes, skin and lungs” is correct

Hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids are corrosive. Breathing them or getting them on skin or in the eyes can cause serious burns, which is why decomposition must be avoided.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • They have no effect at normal concentrations — Hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acids are harmful at the levels decomposition can produce.
  • They only cause drowsiness, like an anesthetic — The acids are corrosive, not just sleep-inducing.
  • They only affect the hearing — Corrosive acids attack tissue they touch, especially the eyes and lungs.

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72. Why should a technician avoid overheating a compressor shell while warming it during recovery?
  • Heat lowers the pressure inside and makes the recovery stall
  • Heat raises the pressure inside, and too much can rupture partsCorrect answer
  • Heat turns the refrigerant into a solid
  • Heat is never used in small-appliance recovery

Why “Heat raises the pressure inside, and too much can rupture parts” is correct

Heating refrigerant raises its saturation pressure. Gentle warming helps free refrigerant from the oil, but excessive heat on a sealed component can build pressure beyond what it can safely hold.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Heat lowers the pressure inside and makes the recovery stall — Warming refrigerant raises its pressure; it does not lower it.
  • Heat turns the refrigerant into a solid — Refrigerant does not freeze solid when warmed.
  • Heat is never used in small-appliance recovery — Gentle heat is a listed recovery aid; the warning is about too much of it.

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73. A small appliance suffered a compressor motor burnout. What may the high heat of the burnout have left in the system?
  • Extra refrigerant produced by the heat
  • Pure nitrogen from the motor windings
  • Acids formed from the refrigerant and oilCorrect answer
  • Nothing, because hermetic systems are sealed

Why “Acids formed from the refrigerant and oil” is correct

The high temperatures of a motor burnout can decompose refrigerant and oil, leaving acids in the system. Technicians should treat the refrigerant and oil from a burnout as contaminated and avoid skin contact with them.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Extra refrigerant produced by the heat — Heat breaks refrigerant down; it does not create more of it.
  • Pure nitrogen from the motor windings — Burnouts do not produce nitrogen in the system.
  • Nothing, because hermetic systems are sealed — Being sealed keeps the decomposition products inside the system.

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74. A technician is recovering refrigerant from a freezer in a small, closed basement room. Why does ventilation matter if refrigerant escapes?
  • Refrigerant vapor rises and collects up at the ceiling
  • Refrigerant vapor turns into liquid on the floor
  • The vapor is heavier than air and can displace oxygenCorrect answer
  • Refrigerant vapor in a room raises the oxygen level

Why “The vapor is heavier than air and can displace oxygen” is correct

Common refrigerant vapors are heavier than air, so a release in a closed, low space can collect near the floor and displace the oxygen a person needs. Good ventilation keeps a leak from building up.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • Refrigerant vapor rises and collects up at the ceiling — Common refrigerants are heavier than air and settle low, not high.
  • Refrigerant vapor turns into liquid on the floor — Escaping refrigerant flashes to vapor at room conditions; the danger is the vapor.
  • Refrigerant vapor in a room raises the oxygen level — Refrigerant displaces oxygen; it does not add to it.

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75. Why should a technician wear safety glasses and gloves when installing or removing an access valve on a small appliance?
  • Escaping liquid refrigerant can freeze skin and injure eyesCorrect answer
  • The access valve carries electrical current
  • Refrigerant oil is radioactive
  • Gloves are needed only to keep the fittings and hoses clean

Why “Escaping liquid refrigerant can freeze skin and injure eyes” is correct

Liquid refrigerant boils off very quickly at atmospheric pressure and can freeze skin or eyes on contact. Eye protection and gloves guard against a spray when a fitting is made or broken.

Source: EPA: Test Topics

Why the other answers are wrong

  • The access valve carries electrical current — The valve is on refrigerant tubing, not the electrical circuit.
  • Refrigerant oil is radioactive — Refrigerant oil is not radioactive.
  • Gloves are needed only to keep the fittings and hoses clean — The main reason is protection from cold liquid refrigerant.

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More EPA 608 practice

Read next

  • Is the EPA 608 Type I Test Open Book?: You will see 'open book' EPA 608 tests advertised, usually for Type I. The regulation does allow a mail-in, unproctored Type I format, but it comes with a higher pass mark and one big limit: it can never count toward Universal certification. Here is what the rules actually say.
  • EPA Refrigerant Recovery Rules: Most of what Section 608 asks of technicians comes down to one idea: get the refrigerant out and into a container instead of the air. This guide covers the venting prohibition, the required evacuation levels, small-appliance recovery, recovery equipment rules, the three Rs, safe disposal and the sales restriction, with the regulation cited for each.
  • EPA 608 Study Guide: Core, Type I, Type II and Type III: EPA does not publish a study guide for the Section 608 exam. It publishes a list of test topics. This guide works through that list section by section, explains what each topic is about, and gives the numbers from the regulation you need to know.

Unofficial, not affiliated with the EPA or any EPA-approved certifying organization. Questions are original practice written from public EPA material, not real exam questions.